Motor



BIJUR. p U @ENGINE STARTING 'DEv|cE. APPLICATION FlLED {ULYL 1914A Ptented July29,4 1919.

. UNITED STATES;

.IosEPH EIJUE, oE'NEW YORK, N. Y., AssIGNoE, EY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, To BIJUR Moron APPLIANQE COMPANY, AzconronATIoN oF DELAWARE vTo all whom it mayv concerm.v I

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BiJUR', a'citizen of the United States, residing-at New York, in tlie county of New York and State of New `York, have invented certain vnew and useful Improvements in lEngine Starting Devices, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to motors, and with regard to certain more specific features, to

a motor adapted to withstand the high speeds encountered in starting devices for internal combustion engines.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a -motor armature of increased efficiency and safety in operation.

Another object is to provide a motor construction in which is secured a path ofdecreased reluctance for the flux between'the fields and the armature core.

Another'object is to provide an armature construction wherein the several partsl are readily assembled and readily removable, as

for inspection and repair. l .I

Another object ist-o provide engine-startv,ing apparatus of simple and compact construction and so constituted as to obviate the necessity of providing' the comparatively cumbersome -and expensive protective devices usually needed in such installations.

Another object is to provide a motor whose armature is capablev of withstanding with 'a minimum of danger or depreciation, the"I extremes of heat, moisture and other deleterious iniiuences encountered in various types of severe service conditions.-

,Another object is to provide-engine-startand y will be exemplified in the eonstruction-here.

inafter set forth, 'and the sco e of the aplication of which will be in icated' in the following claims. In the accompanyingdrawings, in which are illustrated one or more of various pos'- sible embodiments of the several features ofthe invention,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation'of a Specification of Letters'Patent. r Patented Application inea July "7, i914. semi No.' 849,443. I

" ENGINE STARTING nEvIcE.

July 29, 1919.

of construction;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse ySection on the line 2-'2 of-Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows in perspective a type of wedge; f

Fig. 4 is a corresponding. illustration of a modified wedge construction; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a preferred' typey of engine-starting system embodying several of the features ofthe present invention. This invention isa variation` of that disclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 775,670, filed. June 25th, 1913, renewed Nomea, i918 common to Vthe two applications being inmotor arma-ture showinga' preferred type eluded in the claims of the latter applicaf tion. i 1 Similar reference characters refer to simiar the rawings. l

Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated an electric motor 1 whose armature 2 is provided with plates 3, preferably of steel, to retain the conductors 4 in their Serial No. 263,947, thematter "15 arts throughout the several'views of respective slots 5. Suitable grooves maybe provided as at 6, to receive the plates 3 which-may be inserted ,in spaced relation axially along the respective slots 5 ifthe plates used are of the general type illustrated in Fig. 3, or the plates may comprise a series of spaced portions'7 extending into.

the grooves Gand connected to each vother by comparatively .narrow stri s 8. In the former case -there would or inarily bea number of plates for each slot; -in the latter, a single plate mightwell be made long enough to protect the conductors throughout the length of the corresponding slot.

It has been found in practice that plates made in accordance with the present inven` tion improve the magneticpath between i field and armature, add less to the weightl of the armature, detract less from the slot area available for conductors, areI less liable to become weakenedfby heat or moisture, and otherwise contribute'to increased efii'cienc 'and safety of operation. By providing the' plates of magnetic material, t

ere is an increased percentage of peripheral area of the armature available for receiving and transmitting the lines of force passing between the field poles and the armature, in this way improving the magnetic etliciency of the moioo iio

f tor.' The increased fraction ofthe slot area available for conductors makes it unnecesplates 8 they may beplaced nearer thejtopi sary to use a-slot as deep for a given width as would be the case with retaining `devices of other types,-and this decrease in the depth of the radial slots increases, of course, the

width 9 of the-armature teeth 10Jat the'base of the slots with a resultant increase; of magnetic eiiciency of the armature. Owing to the .comparatively small thickness ofthe 11 of the armature teeth 10 and the distance 12 between plates isl increased for this reason, as well as for the reason that withthe construction of the. present yinvention the plates are strong enough so that the grooves retaining them in place may be compara-- sistent with safety, and in addition the plates of adjoining rows may be relatively staggered, as indicated in Fig. 1. InasmuchV as the construction herein set forth enables extremely high motor speeds'to be attained safely without the use of metallic or other banding, the magnetic losses and other dis-4 advantages attendant on theuse of such banding, the effective'portions of the conductors are avoided. The banding 14 outside the pole pieces and at the commutator servesl to hold the rotary parts in place without detractingfrom the magnetic eficiency of the motor.

The selection of plates of the general typel illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 will depend upon the relative importance of such factors as armature weight, cost o`f materials and tools,

and magnetic leakage on the one hand, and the cost of assembling on the other: Of these four factors, which are cited simply by way of example, an increased eiiiciency is gained in the first three by the use of plates of the type of Fig. 3. Plates made according to Fig. 4 would be preferred if the vfourth factorv were controlling.

In applying a motor of the above type for purposes such as'the starting of engines inherently incapable of starting themselves, the arrangement of Fig. '5 may be used. Here the motor 1 has a shaft 15 on which is secured a pinion 16 for movement axially of the shaft. by means of a manually operated shiftingl yoke 17 in operative relation. with a grooved portion 18 of the pinion. The transmission of power between motor` shaft and pinion may be effected byafeather key of any suitable type, or preferably by simply squaring the projecting end of the motor shaft, to register with a square hole in the pinion.

The operation of the device is as follows: assuming the parts in the relative positions- 'indicated at Fig. 5, the engine may be started by .depressing actuating member 27,

and through it the switch lever 19, to reach the first contact 20, then as the pinion is -inanually shifted through the yoke 17 into engagement with the toothed gear 21 on the {iylwhe'el 22, the continued downward movenient of the switch lever 19 shoitecircuits the 75 series starting resistance 23 connecting the motor 1 directly across the battery 24 so that a maximum torque is developed. There should preferably be a mechanical connec- 'tioi'i as at 25 between the switch lever 19 80 and shifting yoke 17 that will insure a suitable time relation iii the operation of these two elements. After engagement has been effected and the fullpower of the battery delivered to the lmotor the fly-wheel will ordinarily be set in motion and the engine will begin to rotate under its own power. When this occurs it is expected that the operator will allow' thespring 26 to return the pinion and switcli-handle to their 90 former positions o'f disengagement and opencircuit respectively. In case he fails to do so, the comparatively high speed of the flywheel would cause the motor to rotate at a speed of the magnitude of hundreds of revolutions per second, but the motor construction, illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4l and described above, is such that lthis high speed does no harm to the motor. It will thus be seen that the combination of features herein set foi-th obviates the necessity of protecting the motor by automatic mechanism from this high speed occasioned by the operators failure to release' the pedal 27 promptly. With the present invention, therefore, there is no need of apparatus such as roller clutches, slidingarmatiires, centrifugal cut-outs or other devices, which no matter how eflicient or economical per se, nevertheless add something to the uncertainty of operation or the efiiciency, or cost, or noise, or the space required for such automatic devices and the difiiculties of installation occasioned by their use above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the abovefdescription or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, what I claimv as new and desire to secure by Letters a unitary switch contact, connecting means As' many changes could be made in the 1'15 for said motor and engine, and a single actuating member for successively operating said contact to start said motor with the resistance in circuit, for moving said' connecrt'- with an internal combustion engine, an electric starting motor,`a batter a resistance, a unitary switch contact, connecting means for said motor and engine, and a single actuating member for successively operating said contact to start said motor with the resist ance in circuit, for moving said connecting means intoloperation, and for moving said contact to bridge and short-circult said re:

sistance.

3g. 'In a motor vehicle, the combination with an internal combustion engine, an electricv starting motor therefor, movable connecting means or said motor and engine, a source of current and connections or operating said motor, and means including a single actuating member, a pivoted member rigidly connected thereto at its pivot, for

operating on said connections to start the' motor, for moving said connecting means into operation, and afterward operating on said connections to give the motor a Working energy for start-ing the engine.

Inv testimony whereof I aiiix my signatqre. in the presence of two Witnesses. "'v JOSEPH BIJ'URA VitnesSeS:

D. G. HAYNES, C. J; KULBERG. 

